History of Programming
Actually, I was considering publishing an article I wrote a few years ago for absolute beginners who are interested in programming. As a result, the purpose of this article will be to present a brief review of programming history.
The developing rate of the modern world speeds up with the new technology. So that the essentialness of computer programming is increasing gradually. Most of the devices in this world use this computer programming to operate them to get their outputs done. We are allowed to give instructions to a machine by the programming languages. The thinking capacities of the machines and the humans are almost different from each other. So the programming languages are the bridges that join the gap between humans and machines.
Program
Systematizing according to a schedule or a plan is called a program. If not we can explain it as a collection of functions that would be executed in an activity. Some historian says that the world’s first computer program was based on the analytical engine which was designed by Charles Babbage. And that program was established by Francis Maneclang to calculate the Bernoulli numbers in that engine.
Programming
So the process of creating a program is basically called programming. And also it is a collection of coding, designing, modifying, and testing programs. Programming mainly gives instructions to a computer to solve problems. For this process, we should have a programming language.
Programming language
The collection of instructions and commands which are used to design a program is a programming language. There are different types of languages used in computers and their purposes are different from each other. They are Machine, Assembly, High-level, System, Scripting, Domain-specific, Visual, Esoteric, Low-level, Chapel, fourth-generation, Procedural, Object orientated, Functional and Logic. But the main two levels of the programming languages are,
- High-level programming language
- Low-level programming language
Basically, the programming language is a formal language. It means this language was created for use in incidences in which natural languages can’t use or are unsuitable. This language is mainly used by either programmers or software engineers.
High-level programming language
This language is very closer to the human language and that’s the reason why it is named as high-level language. High-level languages are more or less unfettered by a specific type of computer.
In 1950, the first high-level language was established and nowadays there are many high-level programming languages. As such,
- Ada
- BASIC
- C++
- C
- Algol
- LISP
- Pascal
- Prolog
- Fortran
This high-level language must be translated to machine language. So that process is done by an interpreter or compiler. There are many advantages of this language than the Low-level language. Because we can write read and maintain it in an easier way. Humans can easily learn and understand this high-level language of programming.
”Plankalkul” is the very first high-level language of programming. It was created by Konrad Zuse.
Low-level programming language
The programming language which supplies little or no consideration programming theories is called a Low-level programming language. The language is similar to machine instructions.
All we identify this as a harder adapt language because this low-level language needs a broad knowledge of machine language.
History of programming languages
In 1949 “Assembly language” was established. This language is a low-level language of programming and was firstly used in Electronic delay storage automatic calculator.
1952 is the created year of “Autocode”.
In 1957 “Fortran”0 was established for mathematical, complicated scientific, and statistical works. It was designed by John Backus and we still use this language even it was one of the oldest programming languages.
In 1958 a committee for scientific use had created a programming language named “Algol”. The development of languages like Pascal, C++, Java, and C was started by this programming language. The five letters of Algol have been taken by the term Algorithmic language. The first four letters were taken by Algorithm and the last ‘l’ indicates the language.
In 1958 John McCarthy established “LISP”. This language was created forcing artificial intelligence research. This language is still used and can use for programs written by Ruby or Python. List Processing language is the meaning of LISP.
In 1959 the computer programming language named “COBOL” was established by Dr.Grace Murray Hopper. All brands and all types of computers can use this programming language. This language is used in credit card processing, telephone systems, ATMs, auto systems, Government and hospital computers, and also in traffic signals. Common Business Oriented Language is the mean term of COBOL.
1964 was the year which “BASIC” was established. It was designed by John G. Kemeny and Thomas. E Kurtz. Beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code is the long-term of it. The students who aren’t having a strong technical or mathematical understanding were targeted by this BASIC and still that type of student can use this language. Bill Gates and Paul Allen wrote BASIC and it was the first Microsoft product.
In 1970 Nicklaus Wirth created “Pascal”. This can be used as a tool for teaching computer programming. Apple’s early used this as their main programming language.
In 1972 Alan Kay, Adele Goldberg and Dan Ingalls were designed “Smalltalk”
In the same year, 1972 “C” was established by Dennis Ritchie. This language is considered the first high-level programming language. Many different types of computers can use the operating system called Unix which was made by this C.
“SQL” was established by Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. In 1972. Structured Query Language is the long-term of this programming language. The information in the database can be viewed and Changed by this programming language.
Cleve Moler was the designer of “MATLAB”. It was created in 1978. It was mainly used in research, education, and in mathematics. Dimensional graphics also can create by this programming language.
1983 was the year which a programming language named “Objective-C” was established. Brad Cox and Tom love were created this programming language. macOS, Apple’s and iOS are using Objective-C to write software in their operating systems.
In 1987 a scripting language was established for text editing. It was named “Perl” and it was established by Larry Wall. From this, we can make report processing easily. And also we can use it for network programming, web development, and Linux system administration.
In 1990 “Haskell” was established by an American Logician Haskell Brooks Curry. This is more flexible for the mathematical side. Mostly this programming language works with records and complicated calculations.
“Python” was established by Guido Van Rossum in 1991. This programming language is easy to read than many other programming languages. The framework of the social media named Instagram was made by this Python.
In 1991 “Visual Basic” was established by Microsoft.
1993 was the year that the programming language named “R” was created. It was designed by Sun Microsystems. This is also called Oak. The World Wide Web is using this Java language to deliver information.
In 1995 Rasmus Lerdorf has established the “PHP” programming language. Personal Home Page is the definition of PHP. This programming language actually runs on web services and this language is mostly used for web developments. Nowadays PHP is mostly used in building blogs and websites. A popular website creating tool called WordPress was written by this PHP.
Yukihiro Matz Matsumoto was the designer of “Ruby” in1995. This is mostly used in web application development. This is a slow coding system.
Brendan Eich has established the “JavaScript” just within 10 days in 1995. This JavaScript programming language is used in each and every major website.
2000 is the year of “C#” computer programming language. Microsoft was established this to combine the computing ability of C++ with Visual Basic. This is similar to Java and also C++ is the basement of it. Developing desktop applications can do by this programming language. C# is almost used in all Microsoft products.
“Scala” was established by Martin Odersky in 2003.
In 2003, “Groovy” was established by James Strachan and Bob McWhirter. This is an easy programming language to learn.
Google is the owner of the “Go” computer programming language. It was designed to solve different kinds of problems which are created in large software systems in 2009. Go Programming language helps programmers to maintain, write and read large software systems.
In 2014 “Swift” was established by Appel to replace languages such as C, Objective-C, and C++. Mistakes that can take place are very few in this. Swift can use in mobile apps, cloud services, and desktops.
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I look forward to seeing you soon with another interesting topic.
Have a nice day! take care!
